Footnotes

• Both plates are from the series Recollections of India, Part II: Kashmir and Alpine Punjab, of 1847. The artist Charles Hardinge was present in India in 1845 when the First Anglo-Sikh War commenced. He served as private secretary to his father, Sir Henry Hardinge, first Viscount of Lahore, who was Governor-General of India at the time.
  
  Maharaja Gulab Singh (1792-1857) was a Dogra Rajput from Jamwal who began his career under Maharaja Ranjit Singh as a soldier but rapidly rose to a prominent position at his court. He was the eldest of three brothers who collectively wielded significant power in civil and military affairs of the Sikh Empire. During the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) he forged an alliance with the British. After signing the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846 he was recognised by the British as an independent maharaja and bought the territories of Jammu and Kashmir which occupied an important position in the political geography of India.
  
  Sheikh Imam-ud-din was the governor of Kashmir under the Sikhs, and fought on the side of the English during the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46). Following the Treaty of Lahore, the administration of the district was entrusted to a Council of regency consisting of Imam-ud-Din, Teja Singh and Dina Nath (the minister responsible for finance). Runjur Singh was the Sikh chieftain who opposed the British under Sir Harry Smith at the Battle of Aliwal in January 1846.