Footnotes

• ʻA CANTANKEROUS OLD BODY' – Livingstone deals with the aggrieved mother of the artist Thomas Baines. Posterity on the whole has sided with the cantankerous old body rather than Livingstone. Not the least of the problems that bedevilled the Zambesi Expedition was the presence of Livingstone's brother Charles (who was to be credited as joint-author of the Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries, 1865). Charles, who was far more religiously narrow minded than his brother, took a strong dislike to the expedition's immensely gifted artist, the easy-going and genial Thomas Baines. When it came to such matters, David Livingstone invariably sided with his younger brother. Things reached a head when Charles accused Baines of pilfering some sugar: ʻthere was no shred of evidence to accuse Baines of theft; and yet that was the accusation Charles made publicly in front of his brother in June 1865. As usual Livingstone believed what his brother told him... and was eager to suggest to the Foreign Office that Baines's testimony was worthless since he was mentally ill. Of course Baines suffered from fever like all the others, but there was never any suggestion by anybody except Livingstone that he might be liable to occasional insanity' (Jeal, p.117). Mercifully, his rupture with Baines notwithstanding, Livingstone had five of his paintings lithographed for the book.