Footnotes

• British patent no. 12,571 (4 October 1886). Lancaster's patent watch camera was the subject of British patent 12,571 of 4 October 1886. the camera first appeared in the commercial form in 1886 and from 1887 two sizes were being sold giving negatives of 2 ins x 1 1/2 ins and 1 1/2 ins x 1 ins. The early models had simple rotary shutters turned by hand which were replaced in 1890 by an Improved-pattern camera with a simple drop shutter. An example of the Improved-pattern camera was sold in 'Spy', Subminiature and Detective cameras, 9 December 1991, lot 219.
  
  Literature: Auer (1989), 150 years of Cameras, no. 43.
  Lothrop (1982, 2nd edition), A Century of Cameras, p.51.
  H.M.S.O (1896), Patents for Inventions. Abridgements of Specifications. Class 98. Photography. Period - A.d. 1884-88, p.52.