Footnotes

Provenance:
Property from a private collection, Cairo

Published:
Badr Eldin Abou Ghazi, The Sculptor: Mokhtar, Cairo, 1964, n.p., another version Dr Sobhy Sharouny, Memory of The Nation: Masterpieces of Mahmoud Mokhtar, Cairo, 2007, another version

Note:
The present work will be authenticated by Susse Freres and will be accompanied by a report from the foundries head of archives

"Saad Zaghloul is revered across the wider Arab world as a symbol of anti-colonial resistance and national self-determination".

The present lot is an extremely rare and important maquette of one of Egypt's most significant public sculptures. The statue of Saad Zaghloul in Alexandria stands as a monumental tribute to a pivotal leader in Egypt's modern history. Commissioned in 1930 by the Wafd Party, a similar statue was also planned for Cairo, reflecting his national significance. The statues were unveiled in 1938, following the death of the artist Mahmoud Mokhtar, who skilfully blended elements of Pharaonic grandeur with modern statuary. Positioned strategically in the centre of Alexandria, the statue stands on the now lost ancient site of the Caesareum of Alexandria, a temple founded by Queen Cleopatra VII, marking its significance in the beating heart of the city overlooking the Mediterranean.

The composition of the statue is a profound mix of ancient and contemporary themes. It sits on a base inspired by ancient Egyptian architecture, covered in hieroglyphs, which poignantly illustrates that Zaghloul is metaphorically standing on the shoulders of Egypt's ancient civilization. This base signifies the historical depth and prestige of the nation. In stark contrast, Zaghloul is depicted in civilian attire, with a hand wave to the people, signifying the transition from rule by pharaohs to governance by a democratic leader. This dynamic juxtaposition not only elevates Zaghloul as a venerated figure but also celebrates Egypt's progression from a Pharaonic past to a democratic present, marking a new era of governance and symbolizing the enduring spirit of Egyptian resilience and autonomy.

Saad Zaghloul (1859–1927) was a pivotal figure in Egyptian history, renowned for his dedication to achieving independence from British rule. Born in the village of Ibyana in the Nile Delta, he pursued a distinguished career in law and politics, advocating for justice and national sovereignty. As the leader of the Wafd Party, Zaghloul was instrumental in mobilizing the Egyptian populace across class lines, galvanizing a nationalistic movement that profoundly altered the political landscape. His charismatic leadership and unwavering commitment to democratic values endeared him to many and positioned him as a beloved national hero.

Zaghloul's legacy is most prominently remembered through the 1919 Revolution, a landmark in Egypt's struggle for independence. His adept negotiation skills and diplomatic acumen allowed him to challenge the British presence effectively, demanding recognition of Egypt as a sovereign nation. Despite facing numerous exiles and political setbacks, his resolve never wavered, earning him the affectionate title of "Father of the Egyptians." His profound impact on Egypt's path to self-determination and his enduring influence on Egyptian nationalism make Saad Zaghloul a timeless figure in the annals of national history.

Saad Zaghloul is revered across the wider Arab world as a symbol of anti-colonial resistance and national self-determination. His leadership during Egypt's struggle for independence from British rule resonated deeply with other Arab nations experiencing similar colonial challenges. Zaghloul's ability to unite diverse social groups under the banner of nationalism demonstrated a successful model of grassroots mobilization that inspired freedom movements throughout the Arab region. He embodies the spirit of resilience and the pursuit of sovereignty, qualities that continue to inspire political and social movements across the Arab world, highlighting the enduring relevance of his legacy in the fight for national and regional autonomy.