Footnotes

清康熙 釉裏紅福祿連綿葫蘆瓶

Provenance:
Mrs Alfred Clark (1890-1976), London
Sotheby's London, Important Ming Porcelain, 24 March 1953, lot 27
J.T. Tai & Co., New York
Sotheby's Hong Kong, Masterpieces of Qing Imperial Porcelain from J.T. Tai & Co., 7 October 2010, lot 2133
The Robert Chang Collection, Hong Kong

來源：
倫敦艾弗瑞．克拉克夫人（1890-1976）舊藏
倫敦蘇富比，《明代陶瓷珍藏》，1953年3月24日，拍品27
紐約戴潤齋珍藏
香港蘇富比，《彩華騰瑞──戴潤齋清宮御瓷珍藏》專場，2010年10月7日，拍品2133
香港張宗憲先生珍藏

The present lot was one of the eleven lots purchased by J.T. Tai on his first buying trip, after moving to New York from Hong Kong, to Paris and London at Sotheby's London from the collection of Mrs. Alfred Clark.

Gourd-shaped vases with this design of flowering and fruiting gourd vines are known both painted in underglaze-red and underglaze-blue. Underglaze-red decoration, after having been mastered in the Yongle and Xuande period, was almost completely discontinued thereafter, but revived again in the 1670s of the Kangxi period. The countersunk base feature and the patterns on the vase, which are painted in a particularly beautiful soft style, are together a strongly reminiscent of early Ming porcelain.

An identical vase painted in underglaze-blue is attributed to the Jiajing period by Geng Baochang, ed., Gugong Bowuyuan cang gu taoci ziliao xuancui [Selection of ancient ceramic material from the Palace Museum], Beijing, 2005, vol.1, pl.146; another blue-painted piece from the collection of Mr and Mrs Walter Sedgwick is published by William Bowyer Honey, The Ceramic Art of China and Other Countries of the Far East, London, 1945, pl.95(b) as Zhengde period; and one in the British Museum, London, is included among the Xuande wares by Jessica Harrison-Hall, Ming Ceramics in the British Museum, London, 2001, no.4: 18 (fig.1).

See a related Kangxi blue and white vase in the Palace Museum Collection, acc.no. Gu00157588 and a blue and white double-gourd vase with 'squirrel and grapes' decoration, illustrated by Geng Baochang, ed., Gugong bowuyuan cang qingdai yuyao ciqi [The Collection of the Palace Museum. Porcelains from the Official Kilns in the Qing Dynasty], vol.1, Beijing, 2005, pl.46. The same design continues to the succeeding Yongzheng and Qianlong period, see in the Qing Court Collection two Yongzheng double-gourd vases inspired by the Jiajing period prototype, illustrated in The Palace Museum's Collection of Blue and White Porcelains from Yongzheng Period of Qing Dynasty, Beijing, 2017, nos.129-130; and a Qianlong blue and white double-gourd vase decorated with double-gourd and bats, illustrated in Blue and White Porcelain with Underglazed Red (III), Beijing, 2000, p.143, no.129.

A very similar vase from the collection of Edward T. Chow was included in A Loan Exhibition of One Hundred Selected Masterpieces, organized by the Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha at Takashimaya, Osaka, 1961, cat.no.63, where it was attributed to the Ming dynasty, and sold at Sotheby's Hong Kong, 19 May 1981, lot 541 (as 17th century); another from the N.V. Hammer and John D. Rockefeller 3rd collection was sold at Christie's New York, 15 September 2009, lot 426 (as Kangxi/Yongzheng period or earlier).

瓶圓唇，溜肩，束腰鼓腹成葫蘆型，小巧可愛，釉下紅銅料繪連枝葫蘆藤葉紋，外罩透明釉，發色明豔均勻，又有深濃淡淺之妙，不可多得。

此瓶身世傳奇，最早由英國電影先驅艾弗瑞．克拉克之夫人收藏，1953年經倫敦蘇富比釋出，買家即是二十世紀傳奇古董商戴潤齋。這是戴潤齋從香港搬到紐約後，第一次歐洲進貨行程，他在這場購入十一件珍品，本件拍品便是其中之一。

葫蘆一直是清宮熱衷的題材，因其多籽，多藤，又諧音福祿，於是便有綿延多子，福祿綿綿之意。順治晚期及康熙早期，宮中疫癥肆行，康熙帝童年亦罹患天花，可想見宮中對福壽連綿、子孫延綿之殷切希望。此類葫蘆瓶亦有燒造青花器。

葫蘆瓶自康熙以來，雍乾兩朝時有燒造，基本以明嘉靖為範本。北京故宮藏一件明嘉靖青花葫蘆瓶，與本品頗似，見耿寶昌編，《故宮博物院藏古代陶瓷資料選粹》，北京，2005年，卷1，圖板146； 亦可比較一件明正德青花葫蘆瓶，為Walter Sedgwick伉儷舊藏，著錄於William Bowyer Honey編，《The Ceramic Art of China and Other Countries of the Far East》，倫敦，1945年，圖版 95 (b)。釉裡紅在明代洪武朝濫觴，永宣兩朝技術成熟，惟後代並不流行，幾度斷燒，直到康熙朝，大概在1670年代，釉裡紅才重獲生機。不同於明代早期粗枝大葉色彩奔放，康熙朝的釉裡紅發色雅緻，筆觸纖柔秀美。此葫蘆瓶釉裡紅之例十分少見，其原型可追溯到明代宣德，參考大英博物館藏一件明宣德青花葫蘆瓶，載於Jessica Harrison-Hall編，《Ming Ceramics in the British Museum》，倫敦，2001年，編號4: 18 (圖1)。

北京故宮藏一件清康熙青花纏枝紋葫蘆瓶，形制紋飾與本件如出一轍，館藏編號故00157588；另可比較故宮所藏一件康熙青花松鼠葡萄紋葫蘆瓶，見耿寶昌編，《故宮博物院藏清代御窯瓷器》，北京，2005年，卷1，編號46。再可比較北京故宮藏兩件雍正青花葫蘆瓶，見陳潤民編，《故宮博物院藏清雍正青花瓷器》，北京，2017年，編號129及130；一件清乾隆青花蝙蝠紋葫蘆瓶，見《故宮博物院藏文物珍品大系：青花釉裡紅(下)》，北京，2000年，頁143，編號129。

比較仇炎之舊藏一件釉裏紅福祿連綿葫蘆瓶，刊於1961年大阪高島屋由日本經濟新聞社組織的《A Loan Exhibition of One Hundred Selected Masterpieces》展覽圖錄，編號63，當時定代為明代，後售於香港蘇富比，1981年5月19日，拍品541，重新定代為十七世紀。另可參考2009年9月15日紐約佳士得售一例，定代為康熙/雍正或更早，屬N.V. Hammer及洛克菲勒家族的約翰·洛克菲勒三世舊藏，拍品426。