
Francesca Hickin
Head of Department
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Sold for £10,200 inc. premium
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Head of Department

Associate Specialist
Provenance:
Mr Theodore Monell collection, Brooklyn, NY, whose collection was mostly formed in the 1970's-1980's.
US art market, 2020.
Accompanied by an Thermoluminescence Test from Oxford Authentication Ltd.
It has been suggested that vessels such as this bull rhyton may have been used in a secular context for the drinking of wine. For a discussion on whether ceramic rhytons were used for the domestic consumption of wine and other fluids or as libation vessels at religious ceremonies see A. C. Gunter, 'The Art of Eating and Drinking in ancient Iran' in Asian Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, vol. 1, no. 2, Spring 1988, pp.11-14. The rhyton first appeared in Iran in the 4th Millennium B.C. and continued to be used throughout the Pre-Islamic period. An 11th Century Persian dictionary gives the definition of the rhyton as 'a bull or cow formed of pottery, gold or other materials used for the drinking of wine'. However Hittite texts found in Turkey (circa 1450-1200 B.C.) refer to the use of animal-shaped rhytons for making ritual libations of wine or beer to certain deities. It is quite possible that rhytons were used for both purposes and that deities were being made offerings of drink in imitation of everyday domestic meals (ibid.).