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Lot 464•
EINSTEIN, ALBERT. 1879-1955. Autograph Manuscript in German signed twice ("A. Einstein," in pencil at beginning of p 1 and in ink at end of p 4), 4 pp, black ink on paper watermarked "M.K. Papier," 4to, [c.1925-27],
5 December 2018, 14:00 EST
New YorkUS$150,000 - US$200,000
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EINSTEIN, ALBERT. 1879-1955.
Autograph Manuscript in German signed twice ("A. Einstein," in pencil at beginning of p 1 and in ink at end of p 4), 4 pp, black ink on paper watermarked "M.K. Papier," 4to, [c.1925-27], entitled "Zu Kaluzas Theorie des Zusammenhanges von Gravitation und Elektrizität (Zweite Mitteilung)" ("On Kaluza's Theory of the Connection between Gravitation and Electricity (second article"), comprising the principal parts pages 26-29 ½ (of 30 ½) of the printed article published in Sitzung der physikalisch-mathematischen Klasse vom 17. Februar 1927, various corrections and crossed out sentences in pencil, a few ink splotches, first leaf with paperclip rust mark and minimal fraying at right edge.
Provenance: Morris Rafael Cohen (1880-1947) philosopher of science (recipient of the manuscript from Einstein, according to Charles Hamilton Auction); Charles Hamilton Auction Number 75, (sold 21 February 1974, lot 157); Bonhams New York (sold 22 June 2011, lot 1073).
EINSTEIN WORKS TOWARDS A UNIFIED FIELD THEORY.
"The intellect seeking after an integrated theory cannot rest content with the assumption that there exist two distinct fields totally independent of each other by their nature" (Einstein Nobel lecture, 1923).
The last three decades of his life Einstein worked in theoretical physics towards the study of the Unified Field Theory. Einstein's manuscript deals with an extension of Kaluzas' ideas on the mathematical theory of space and matter. It is an attempt to extend Maxwell's field theory toward a unified mathematical concept of gravitation electricity, and matter. Einstein "published two papers on Kaluza's five-dimensional theory in which he showed that Kaluza's original results can also be obtained without the restriction to weak gravitational fields and slow velocities" (Cambridge Companion to Einstein, p 294). Einstein recognizes that "in Kaluza's theory the fifth dimension was introduced only in order to obtain new components of the metric tensor representing the electromagnetic field. Kaluza assumes the dependence of the field variables on the four coordinates x1 x2, x3, x4 and not the fifth coordinate x0 when a suitable coordinate system is chosen" (Einstein, "On a Generalization of Kaluza's Theory of Electricity," in Annals of Mathematics, 3 July 1938, p 683).
"Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in trying to find a unifying force in nature. A growing number of scientists—Stephen Hawking, for one—believe that Einstein was not chasing a dream, that there may well be a unifying principle linking gravity with electromagnetism and both the strong and weak nuclear forces. This attempt at unification is the main theme in physics today, as Einstein believed, says Nobelist Chen Ning Yang." John Wheeler remarked: "Einstein's unified flied theory has come to life in an absolutely spectacular form in the last decade in superstring theory..." (Brian, Einstein, A Life, p 432).
Provenance: Morris Rafael Cohen (1880-1947) philosopher of science (recipient of the manuscript from Einstein, according to Charles Hamilton Auction); Charles Hamilton Auction Number 75, (sold 21 February 1974, lot 157); Bonhams New York (sold 22 June 2011, lot 1073).
EINSTEIN WORKS TOWARDS A UNIFIED FIELD THEORY.
"The intellect seeking after an integrated theory cannot rest content with the assumption that there exist two distinct fields totally independent of each other by their nature" (Einstein Nobel lecture, 1923).
The last three decades of his life Einstein worked in theoretical physics towards the study of the Unified Field Theory. Einstein's manuscript deals with an extension of Kaluzas' ideas on the mathematical theory of space and matter. It is an attempt to extend Maxwell's field theory toward a unified mathematical concept of gravitation electricity, and matter. Einstein "published two papers on Kaluza's five-dimensional theory in which he showed that Kaluza's original results can also be obtained without the restriction to weak gravitational fields and slow velocities" (Cambridge Companion to Einstein, p 294). Einstein recognizes that "in Kaluza's theory the fifth dimension was introduced only in order to obtain new components of the metric tensor representing the electromagnetic field. Kaluza assumes the dependence of the field variables on the four coordinates x1 x2, x3, x4 and not the fifth coordinate x0 when a suitable coordinate system is chosen" (Einstein, "On a Generalization of Kaluza's Theory of Electricity," in Annals of Mathematics, 3 July 1938, p 683).
"Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in trying to find a unifying force in nature. A growing number of scientists—Stephen Hawking, for one—believe that Einstein was not chasing a dream, that there may well be a unifying principle linking gravity with electromagnetism and both the strong and weak nuclear forces. This attempt at unification is the main theme in physics today, as Einstein believed, says Nobelist Chen Ning Yang." John Wheeler remarked: "Einstein's unified flied theory has come to life in an absolutely spectacular form in the last decade in superstring theory..." (Brian, Einstein, A Life, p 432).