Footnotes

Zhang Yudrakpa Tsondru Drakpa (1122-93), more commonly known as Lama Shang, is identified by his distinctive broad features, hairline, stupa-like form, and patchwork robe. His master was Gomtsul (1116-69), a nephew of Gampopa, and the abbot of Daklha Gampo monastery; the foremost leader among the Kagyu at the time.

At one point in the mid-to-late 12th century, Lama Shang was the most powerful ruler in Tibet, controlling most of the provinces around Lhasa through martial campaigns following the founding of his Tsalpa Kagyu order. In conjunction with the Drigungpa, his order was the first to make joint contact with the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (1162-1227), but Lama Shang's lineage would eventually recede from the political stage as the Drigung, Karma Kagyu, and Sakya ascended.

Full of character, the bronze compares favorably to examples recently sold at Bonhams, Hong Kong, 29 November 2016, lot 103; and New York, 14 March, 2017, lot 3227. Also see Xia (ed.), Pu Ti Miao Xiang, Shenyang, 2001, p.50, no.47. Another closely related example, with similarly prominent chin, was sold at Sotheby's, London, 23 June 1980, lot 27.

Provenance
Private Collection of Ed O'Neill, Hong Kong, by 1990


喇嘛向銅像
西藏，約十三世紀
喜馬拉雅藝術資源網2443號
高8.5釐米（3 3/8英吋）

250,000-350,000港元

此尊造像呈佛塔形輪廓，上師身著拼縫紋袈裟，體態寬闊，髮際線獨特，可確認其身份為向·尊珠紮巴（1122-93），人稱喇嘛向。其師從岡波巴之侄貢巴·次成寧布（1116-69）。貢巴·次成寧布為達拉崗布寺主持，在當時可算噶舉派最高領袖。

自創始蔡巴噶舉以來，喇嘛向以軍事手段控制了拉薩周邊眾多地區，在十二世紀中葉至下半葉間一時在西藏擁有強大勢力。蔡巴噶舉曾聯合直貢噶舉會見成吉思汗（1162-1227），此為歷史上藏傳佛教僧人首次與蒙古可汗接觸。然而，隨著直貢噶舉、噶瑪噶舉與薩迦派的興盛，蔡巴噶舉逐漸失勢，最終退出歷史舞台。

此尊喇嘛向銅像個性十足，相關作品可參見邦瀚斯香港2016年11月29日拍賣中拍品103號，以及邦瀚斯紐約2017年3月14日拍賣中拍品3227號。亦可比照夏景春先生主編之菩提妙相一書中47號作品（瀋陽，2001年，頁50）。另有一尊具有同樣突出下巴特徵的造像售於蘇富比倫敦，1980年6月23日，拍品27號。

來源
Ed O'Neill私人珍藏，香港，自1990年前