Footnotes

THE EARLIEST KNOWN PRESENTATION COPY OF 'ULYSSES' AFTER THE ONE GIVEN TO NORA JOYCE ON THE DAY OF PUBLICATION: INSCRIBED BY JOYCE TO LEWIS GALANTIERE JUST NINE DAYS LATER.

Ulysses was scheduled for publication on Joyce's fortieth birthday (2 February 1922), but only two copies were ready on that date owing to technical difficulties in printing the cover, the colour of which Joyce wanted to match with the blue of the Greek flag. One of these was the copy delivered by Sylvia Beach to Joyce on 2 February, which he inscribed to his wife Nora and is the only presentation copy known to predate Galantiere's. This in turn predates by two days the three copies presented to Sylvia Beach, Harriet Shaw Weaver and Margaret Anderson, and by three days the copy inscribed to Robert McAlmon, the American writer who helped Joyce prepare the final typescript.

Galantiere (1893-1977) was an American translator of French literature, writer, playwright and journalist. From 1920 to 1927 he was secretary of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris, and came to know most of the literary figures of the day, including Hemingway who became a good friend. In a letter to Harriet Weaver of 17 April 1926, Joyce wrote: "I am to read [from Finnegans Wake]... to a small group, this time including... a young American Galantiere who is preparing a course of lectures of U[lysses] (Joyce, Letters, vol. 3, p.140).

"When [Burton] Rascoe became literary editor of the New York Herald Tribune, his first act was to hire Galantiere to write a literary letter from Paris. His columns over the next two years contain, besides analysis of the French literary scene... brief insights into the work and play of the literary circle in which he was a kind of invisible presence. He writes of visiting Proust... of collecting money to help support James Joyce and listening to him sing of Molly Bloom... Though invited by Joyce to undertake a lecture tour on Ulysses with his collaboration and urged by Sylvia Beach to write a guide to reading Ulysses, Galantiere undertook neither of these projects (David Alethea, 'Lewis Galantiere: The Last Amateur' in Columbia Library Columns, vol. XLI, no. 2, February 1992, pp.6-7).

Provenance: Lewis Galantiere, presentation inscription from Joyce, annotations throughout; purchased from Galantiere by Phoenix Book Shop; James Hughes, bought on 19 March 1975; bequeathed to an anonymous owner and then sold at Christie's New York, 9 June 1992, lot 100; Roger Rechler; his sale, Christie's New York, 11 October 2002, lot 176.