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Lot 64

GEORGE III
Autograph letter signed ("George R"), to his son Frederick, Duke of York ("My Dear Frederick"), telling him that he really must be firmer when dealing with the King's ministers, Queen's House, 20 March 1795

24 June 2015, 11:00 BST
London, Knightsbridge

Sold for £1,125 inc. premium

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GEORGE III

Autograph letter signed ("George R"), to his son Frederick, Duke of York ("My Dear Frederick"), telling him that he really must be firmer when dealing with the King's ministers: "The propriety of Your having last night hinted to Me the inconsiderate Application made to You in the name of my Ministry by Mr Sec.y Dundas for additional Troops for the West Indies particularly Seven Regiments of Cavalry must appear very clearly to You, as by having given Me this early information, I am enabled to put You into a proper train to bring some regularity in forming the general plan the Want of which caused all the disasters in the different Services from the outset of this War"; and, after telling him that "It is not sufficient to state that such and such requisitions are necessary", setting out (in some detail) the way in which he should conduct business in the future and so arrive at "a Regular Plan, from which some general idea may be formed"; he then launches into particulars, beginning with the defence of the realm: "It is obvious that the defence of this Island is the first Object, for which purpose the reports of the Generals who command its districts must be examined; each of them will naturally desire to have a larger proportion of Troops than can be furnished, but at the same time care must be taken that they have what appears sufficient in case of emergency to secure Success provided they use every kind of exertion"; he then turns his attention to the subjects of his German possessions, Gibraltar, the Channel Islands, cavalry and the Irish garrison: insisting that cavalry be left to defend Hanover ("...After I have consented to let the British Infantry return from Germany which cannot but be looked upon as a personal sacrifice considering the exposed situation in which my Electorate will be left..."), that Gibraltar should be kept "by sending Young Corps" ("...The Same measure must be followed up in Guernsey and Jersey, and the Island of Corsica...") and that "Some Irish Troopers" could be sent "as the foundation of some new Corps of Cavalry and sent with Such Recruits as may be raised to form a Corps of that nature in the West Indies"; summing up: "Upon the whole I would have You therefore state the whole on Paper, then Send for the Secretary at War and apprize him of the whole and perhaps as a Military Man also the Marquess Cornwallis, indeed I have no objection to Your telling them that I am apprized of the proposition and have directed You to have such a paper framed without which no solid Opinion can be formed, and You may afterwards lay the Paper before Me if they having stated the business in Your name afresh to the Cabinet a more reasonable proposition is not proposed for Your laying before Me than the one sent the last Night by Mr Dundas"; ending his long letter by apologising for "the loose manner in which I have stated my thoughts", which has however been prompted by his wish to let him know as soon as he can "the result of my thoughts on what You mentioned last Night"; subscribing himself "Your most affectionate Father", 4 pages, guard, slight dust-staining to first page, but overall in fine and attractive condition, 4to, Queen's House, 20 March 1795

Footnotes

ʻALL THE DISASTERS IN THE DIFFERENT SERVICES FROM THE OUTSET OF THIS WAR' – GEORGE III OUTLINES STRATEGIC AIMS IN THE WAR AGAINST FRANCE, and teaches his son how best to deal with the unrealistic demands of ministers, in a letter written to help prepare him for the office of Commander-in-Chief of the Army which he was to assume two weeks later, on 3 April (having already been promoted Field Marshal on 18 February, following his recall from active command in the Low Countries).

George III was especially close to Frederick: ʻThe King loved three people deeply: his brother William, Duke of Gloucester; his son Frederick, Duke of York; and the Queen... To King George the Duke of York could do no wrong' (John Brooke, King George III, 1985 edition, pp. 262 & 353). As commander-in-chief, he is generally recognised as having improved conditions in the army and its efficiency; even if, thanks to his liaison with the fortune-hunter Mary Anne Clarke, he became mired in scandal, and, thanks to the nursery rhyme, is now best remembered for marching his men up the hill and marching them down again. All the same, no less an authority than the Duke of Wellington, who was to succeed to the post on his death, thought well of his reforms (Brooke, p. 352; for letters between the two, see our Waterloo sale on 1 April).

This remarkably revealing letter well illustrates George III's view of the war and relations with ministers: ʻThe King's part in the war differed little from that he has taken during the American war. Although he appointed a commander-in-chief of the army (in 1793 Lord Amherst, succeeded in 1795 by the Duke of York), he exercised close supervision and control over army affairs. Returns were regularly sent to him, he decided on promotions... The King repeatedly warned Dundas as he had done North against trying to do too much. "We must not have too many irons in the fire", he wrote on 16 November 1793; and on 19 August 1795: "The truth is we attempt too many objects at the same time." Finally the cabinet came round and a minute of 7 September 1795 recorded this advice: "His Majesty's British troops are inadequate to all the objects in which the interests of this country are essentially involved" – exactly as King George had told North nearly twenty years before' (Brooke, pp. 363-4). See illustration at page 49.

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