
Oliver White
Head of Department


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The inscriptions consist of:
Verses in praise of Imam 'Ali, including a quatrain from the Divan of Shams Tabrizi by Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi.
In the lower cartouches, a signature: huwa. 'amal-e kamtarin Muhammad Isma'il naqqash-bashi 1277
'He [God]. Work of the meanest [servants of God] Muhammad Isma'il, the Chief Painter 1277 [1860-61].'
Muhammad Isma'il is only known through his paintings on numerous lacquered objects dated between AH 1264/AD 1847-48 and AH 1288/AD 1871-72, and the marriage certificate of the daughter of Najaf 'Ali, another 19th Century painter, where his name is mentioned as a witness. Unusually, he has painted himself in two pen-boxes (M.A. Karimzadeh Tabrizi, The Lives & Arts of Old Painters of Iran, vol. 1, London 1985, p. 457, fig. 13).
For his recorded work and assessment of his paintings see, Khalili et al, Lacquer of the Islamic Lands, Part Two, N.D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, London 1997, pp. 46-58, cat. nos. 241, 243, 246-248; and M. A. Karimzadeh Tabrizi, The Lives & Arts of Old Painters of Iran, vol. 1, London 1985, pp. 66-76.