Footnotes

• [From top right:]
  God is Great.
  When he sees his lustrous likeness,
  It is as if the excellent king is looking at a mirror.
  (This royal distich which [is] written, was spoken
  extempore by His Majesty Jahangir Padshah)
  Virtue becomes a king more than his appearance,
  The portrait of Shah Jahangir, son of Shah Akbar Padshah.
  His visage is World-illuminating, and his virtues...
  Which other king had such a visage and virtue?
  If a hundred kings like Alexander came to the World.
  They would all prostrate themselves a hundred times at a
  glimpse of his face,
  Whoever sees his image becomes an image-worshipper,
  Whether a dervish who cultivates virtues, or a king.
  Look at the kingly virtues in his face which is
  The mirror of virtues of Akbar Padshah.
  A hundred thousand praises be upon the pen of the painter,
  Who through skill made this likeness of the justice-dispensing king.
  Just to cast their eyes on King Jahangir's face,
  The kings of Rum [Turkey] and China wait at the gate.
  In his likeness, the painter has created much magic,
  It is as if the king had scattered gems from a ruby treasure chest.
  Whoever sees his soul-nourishing appearance will say:
  It is as if the king is moving gracefully with magnificence,
  grandeur and shining majesty.
  The image of victory and triumph is made up by his name,
  Oh Lord, may the king be eternal over the seven climes.
  It was completed during the year of the victory over the
  Deccan, in Mandu, the regnal year 12, corresponding to
  the year 1026.
  May the World be filled with the light of such a World-illuminating one,
  As long as the crown of kingship is lit with the light of the Sun.
  The work of the most humble... [corresponding roundel at bottom left missing].
  
  BIBLIOGRAPHY
  
  Abul Fazl, The Ain-i-Akbari, translated by H. Blochmann and H.S. Jarrett, Bibliotheca Indica, 3 vols., Calcutta, 1873-94 (and reprinted)
  
  Abul Fazl, The Akbarnama, translated by H. Beveridge, Bibliotecha Indica, 3 vols., Calcutta, 1898-1910 (and reprinted)
  
  Akimushkin, O.F. The St. Petersburg Muraqqa', Lugano (ARCH), 1994
  
  Beach, M.C. The Grand Mogul, Williamstown, 1978
  
  Beach, M.C. The Imperial Image: paintings for the Mughal court, Washington (Freer Gallery), 1981
  
  Canby, S. Humayun's Garden Party. Princes of the House of Timur and Early Mughal Painting, Bombay (Marg Publications), 1994
  
  Cleveland, M. and Koch, E. King of the world: the Padshahnama, London, 1997
  
  Coomaraswamy, A.K. Catalogue of the Indian Collections in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Part VI, Mughal Painting, Cambridge, Mass., 1930
  
  Ettinghausen, R. Paintings of the Sultans and Emperors of India in American Collections, Delhi (Lalit Kala), 1961
  
  Ivanov, A.A., Akimushkin, O.F., Grek, T. and Giuzalian, L. (ed.), Album of Persian and Indian Miniatures (in Russian), Moscow, 1962 (and reprinted)
  
  Jahangir. The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri ot Memoirs of Jahangir, translated by A. Rogers and edited by H. Beveridge, 2 vols in 1, London, 1909-1914 (and reprinted)
  
  Kuhnel E. and Goetz, H. Indische Buchmalereien, Berlin, 1923
  
  Losty, J.P. 'Abu'l Hasan', Master Artists of the Imperial Mughal Court, P. Pal ed., Bombay (Marg Publications), 1991, pp. 69-86
  
  Lowry, G.D. A Jeweler's Eye. Islamic Arts of the Book from the Vever Collection, Washington, 1988
  
  Lowry G.D. The Emperor Jahangir and the iconography of the divine in Mughal painting, Rutger's Art Review, vol. 4 1983, pp. 36-45
  
  Maclagan, E. The Jesuits and the Great Mogul, London, 1932
  
  Markel, S. (ed.) The World of Jade, Bombay (Marg), 1992
  
  Okada, A. Imperial Mughal Painters, Paris 1992
  
  Pal, P. Indian Painting. A catalogue of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Collection, vol. I, Los Angeles, 1993
  
  Riazul Islam, Indo-Persian Relations, Tehran, 1970
  
  Roe, Sir Thomas. The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe the the court of the Great Mogul, 1615-1619, as narrated in his journal and correspondence, edited by William Foster for the Hakluyt Society, 2 vol., London, 1899 (and reprinted)
  
  Skelton, R. (ed.) The Indian Heritage, London (Victoria and Albert Museum), 1982
  
  Skelton, R. 'Europe and India', Europa und die Kunst des Islam, 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert, 5, XXV, International Congress of Art History, Vienna, 1983, 33-42
  
  Skelton, R. 'Imperial Symbolism in Mughal Painting', Content and Context of Visual Arts in the Islamic World, P. Soucek (ed.), Pennsylvania, 1988 (Papers from the Ettinghausen colloquium, New York, 1980), 177-187
  
  Skelton, R. 'Islamic and Mughal Jades', Jade, R. Keverne (ed.), London, 1991, 272-295
  
  Verma, S.P. Mughal Painters and their work, Delhi, 1994
  
  Welch, S.C. India. Art and Culture 1300-1900, New York (Metropolitan Museum of Art), 1985

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Category: Islamic and Oriental Art / Islamic and Indian Art

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